Unit 4.- Structures

KEY WORD: Simple and compound machines.
BOOK UNIT Nº12: "INNOVATION":
* How does it works?



1. MACHINES.
Leonardo da Vinci was a famous painter and inventor. He lived 500 years ago, but you can still see his creations today. You can see his paintings in museums, but you can also see his inventions everywhere! LIKE HIS MACHINES: bicycle, parachute, submarine and the compass.

MACHINES are devices tha allow you to work easier, better and faster. They help you save time and energy.
We use machines every day. Some machines can be dangerous: you can cut yourself with a sharp knife, you can burn yourself with the cooker, you can get an electric shock from touching a plug. 

Here are some of they features:
a) SIMPLES MACHINES have one or few parts. The work with one movement. For example of simple machines: WHEEL, PULLEY, LEVER, RAMP, ...that you can find in objects like: a hammer, scissors, etc.
SIMPLE MACHINES(PDF)

Remember: In a LEVER: 
Effort*Distance=Load*distance




b) COMPOUND MACHINES are made up of two or more simple machines working together: motors, gears, electric circuits. For example: a car, a airplane, 
a) Machines have many USES, for example: Exerting force, Carring heavy objects, Comunicating, Travelling, etc.
b) HOW THEY WORK. Machines need energy in order to function. The energy comes from different sources: people, electricity, combustible fuels, wind, etc.
6 SIMPLE MACHINES (PDF)


ACTIVITIES Nº1:
1.- Name there machines with one or few parts, and three machines with many parts.
2.- What machines do you see in the situation of a hospital.
3.- Name three objects that contain simple machines and three with compoud machines.
4.- Find out how many simple machines are combined in a wheelbarrow.
5. Complete the sentences:
  • a) Machines are objects that help save______
  • b) Planes and cars are ____
  • c) All machines need____ to function.
6. Complete a sentences of these objtects where you describe the energy that they use for.
  • a) vacuum
  • b) helicopter
  • c) stapler
7. You should always take care when using machines. Think of these machines that you can use and write how the canbe dangerous and give a safety rule.
  • a) Knives: We can cut ourself. We shouln´t play with them.
  • b) plug:
  • c) jigsaw:
  • d) pistol glue:
  • e) drill: 
8. What sort of  SIMPLE MACHINES are these objects?:
  •  a baseball bat :
  •  the front of a ship :
  • the fan blades :
  •  a toilet paper dispenser :
  •  a door knob :
  •  a broom :
 9.  Find out the MACHINES that these objects got:
  •  Stapler: a) ________________b) _________________  c)____________________
  • Wheel barrow:  a) ________________b) _________________  c)____________________

 

TASKS:


1.- VIDEO ACTIVITY.



  • a) Write in one sentence what the teacher in the video is trying to explain.
  • b) What are the simplest of all machines based on?
  • c)What type of work is put in a machine?
  • d) Archimedes said: “Give me a ……………….. and I will ………………... the …………………”
  • e) Which force is bigger in a lever?
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